Introduction to C Programming | C Programming Fundamentals
Throughout the course, students will thoroughly explore string and character manipulation, dynamic memory allocation, standard I/O, macro definition, and the C runtime library. The course explains the use of aggregate structures, unions, and pointers early on so the students can practice extensively in the hands-on labs. Structured programming constructs and varargs functions are also covered. Emphasis is given to the processing of command line arguments and environment variables so students will be able to write flexible, user-friendly programs. The course also includes coverage of portability tips drawn from experienced programmers working in production environments. Comprehensive hands on exercises are integrated throughout to reinforce learning and develop real competency.
Course Objectives
This ‘skills-centric’ course is about 50% hands-on lab and 50% lecture designed to train attendees in core C development skills, coupling the most current, effective techniques with the soundest coding practices. Students will explore a series of progressively advanced topics, where each topic consists of lecture, group discussion, practical hands-on lab exercises, and lab review.
Working within an engaging, hands-on learning environment, attendees will explore:
- Components of a C program
- Using the C preprocessor
- Using standard runtime libraries
- Using make to build programs
- Working with debugger utilities
- Using data types, storage classes and scope
- Using typedef to make code more readable and portable
- Using operators and expressions
- Working with conditional and looping constructs
- Initializing a pointer
- Accessing the value addressed by a pointer
- Returning the value of a function
- Declaring argument data types
- ANSI function prototype syntax
- Declaring and initializing arrays and multidimensional arrays
- Using Strings and character manipulation
- Declaring and instancing a structure
- Defining a union
- Accessing command line arguments and environment variables
- C runtime library standard I/O functions
Course Prerequisites
This is an introductory-level C programming course designed for attendees new to C, and new or newer to programming. Attendees should be comfortable working with the command line and should have a good foundational mathematics or logic skills.
Course Agenda
- Overview of C
- Operating System Independence
- Design Goals and Capabilities
- Flavors of C
- Compiler Directives and the C Preprocessor
- Compile-Time Directives
- Use of typedef
- C Preprocessor Syntax
- Fundamental Data Types, Storage Classes, and Scope
- Fundamental Data Types and Qualifiers
- Constants and Strings
- Storage Classes
- Scope and Block Structure
- Scope and Data Hiding
- Data Initialization
- Pointers and Dynamic Allocation
- Advantages of Pointers
- User of Pointers
- Pointer and Address Arithmetic
- Dynamic Storage Allocation
- sizeof Operator
- Double Indirection
- Macros
- Functions vs. Inlining
- Purpose of Macros
- Use of Macros
- Making Code More Readable
- Auto Adjustment of Compile Time Values
- Conditional Compilation
- Making Code Portable
- Simplifying Complex Access Calculations
- Advanced Micro Design Tips
- Using Macros to Help Write Portable Programs
- When to Use a Macro instead of a Function
- Using Macros for Debugging
- Arrays
- Purpose of Arrays
- Declaring an Array
- Initializing an Array
- Addressing Elements
- Stepping Through an Array
- Variable Size Arrays
- Arrays of Pointers
- Arrays of Strings
- Passing an Array to a Function
- Dynamic Memory Allocation
- Multidimensional Arrays
- Basic Formatted I/O
- Standard I/O Library
- Character Set Encoding
- Standard Input and Output
- Character I/O Functions
- Formatted I/O Functions
- String Constants
- Program Debugging
- Problem Analysis
- Instrumenting with printif
- Instrumenting with ctrace
- The Purpose of Debuggers
- How Not to Use Debuggers
- Symbolic Debuggers
- Operators and Expressions
- Arithmetic, Logical, and Bit Operators
- Precedence and Associativity
- Assignment and Casting
- The Conditional Operator
- Flow Control Constructs
- Conditional Constructs: if, switch
- Looping Constructs: while, do, for
- Programming Style
- Functions (Subroutines)
- Purpose of Functions
- Functions vs. Inlining
- Automatic Variables
- The Argument Stack
- Passing By Value
- Passing By Reference
- Declaring External Functions
- Function Prototyping
- ANSI Prototyping
- The _NO_PROTO Compiler Symbol
- Varargs Functions
- Passing a Function as an Argument
- Designing Functions for Reusability
- Calling a Function from Another Language
- Returning a Dynamically Allocated Value Using Double Indirection
- Casting the Return Value of a Function
- Recursion and Reentrancy
- Structures
- Purpose of Structures
- Defining and Declaring Structures
- Accessing Members
- Pointers to Structures
- Dynamic Memory Allocation
- Passing a Structure to a Function
- As a Pointer
- Passing the Actual Structure
- Advanced Structures and Unions
- Nested Structures
- Arrays of Structures
- Bit Fields
- Unions
- Linked Lists
- C Runtime Library Standard Functions
- Character I/O
- Unformatted File I/O
- Formatted File I/O
- Math Functions
- Miscellaneous Functions
- Strings and Character Manipulation
- Strings as Character Arrays
- String Library Functions
- Reading and Writing Strings
- Accessing Command Line Arguments and Environment Symbols
- argc and argv
- Parsing Command Line Options
- Accessing the Environment Array
- Structured Programming
- Structuring Code for Quality, Reliability, Maintainability
- Designing for Modularity and Reusability
- Advanced Programming Consideration
- Writing Portable Code
- Use of Macros
- ANSI C Limits
- Feature Test Macros
- Client/Server Design
- Performance Considerations
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